Essay about What Was Life Like In Colonial Times - 904 Words

What was Life Like in Colonial Times? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When the first colonists came to America there were not many things available to them. Their life was hard, almost impossible compared to life today. The early colonists spent almost every hour of everyday working to stay alive. They survived because they were committed to making their settlement grow. (John F. Warner- pg.12-13) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first colonists had to make almost everything using only a few simple tools. They built their own houses, their furniture, and even the utensils they ate with. Farm life was also a big part of surviving. Family farms and plantations remained the backbone of life right up until the end of the colonial era.†¦show more content†¦In the southern colonies silk stockings were worn and jewelry was added. Wigs were also worn. (John F. Warner -pg. 42) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The basic foods in all of the colonies were very similar. For example, corn, beans, squash, and pumpkins grew in gardens from Georgia to Massachusetts. Fish, eels, clams, oysters, crabs, and meets such as deer, turkey, chicken, goose, pork, and rabbit were also found on the tables in the colonies. The drink that they preferred was cider. They had many different flavors such as apple, peach, and pear. Beer was also popular. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Breakfast was usually eaten around 10 A.M. It might have consisted of cornbread with butter, cold meat, cider or beer, or maybe coffee or tea. The main meal was eaten around 4:00 P.M. This would be the lavish meal. When it was time to eat the man and his older sons would take their places at the table. The wife would sit next to her husband while the oldest daughter would serve the meal. Any young children would stand, not sit at a separate table and were not allowed to speak. (John F. Warner – pg.50-54) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The ordinary colonial child, boy or girl, from ages six to eight would attend what was called a â€Å"Dame School.† There the children learned the alphabet, the basics of reading, some prayers, and a few basic arithmetic skills. Although learning to read was considered important, learning to write was not. The only aid in learning atShow MoreRelatedSarah Baartman - Cultural Studies1673 Words   |  7 Pagesappropriation of Sarah Baartman by the colonial and capitalist gaze has lasted long enough. It is not a good idea to create new images of her, because each new image repeats and continues the past exploitation and humiliation of her body.† In the article The arena of imaginings: Sarah Bartmann and the ethics of representation, Rosemarie Buikema looks into the controversy around Willie Bester’s statue of Sarah Baartman. The statue, made by a South African artist, was put in the library of the UniversityRead MoreLiterature As A Child Of The Colonial Times1265 Words   |  6 PagesChild to the Colonial Times The Colonial events can be symbolized as a mother that gave birth to the literature in the time period. While the literature in times before the colonial period could have influenced the events in the following period, events in the colonial time period effected the literature of the time because many literature works came after Colonial and Puritan events and also reflected those times. Edward Taylor s poem Huswifery give us a light on the average colonial life, Anne BradstreetRead MorePost Colonial Afric State Building And Economic Modernization1596 Words   |  7 PagesPost Colonial Africa: State-Building and Economic Modernization The professor Ali Mazrui, imaginatively titled one of his journal articles â€Å" Africa Between the Baobab Tree and the Owl of Minerva: A Post Colonial Narrative of Memory and Learning†. The choice that Mazrui made in this title is particularly interesting; by juxtaposing two symbols, that are respectively associated with African and European cultures, he acknowledges the profound impact that Europe has left after colonization. It is trueRead MoreNative Americans By James Axtell990 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly to Colonial America, in ways the ordinary person would have never deliberated. James Axtell discusses these ways, as well as what Colonial America may have looked like without the Indians’ presence. Throughout his article, his thesis stands clear by his persistence of alteration the Native Americans had on our nation. James Axtell’s bias delightfully enhances his thesis, he provides a copious amount of evidence establishing how Native Americans contribute d critically to the Colonial cultureRead More Buchi Emechetas The Joys of Motherhood and Wole Soyinkas Death and the Kings Horseman1519 Words   |  7 PagesColonial Life in Buchi Emechetas The Joys of Motherhood and Wole Soyinkas Death and the Kings Horseman Homi Bhaba writes that colonial mimicry is the desire for a reformed, recognizable Other, as a subject of a difference that is almost the same, but not quite (86). The colonizer wants and needs the colonized to be similar to himself, but not the same. If the native continues to behave in his traditional ways, he brings no economic gain to the colonizer. But, if the colonized changes tooRead MoreStatus of Women in Colonial Society1243 Words   |  5 PagesJames American History 1151- Essay #1 Jan 7th,2016 Status of Women in Colonial Society Women were always considered inferior to men since day one. That belief had been existing until the eighteen century. During that period, English Colonists brought to America their ideologies with them. Women did not have the same rights as men did during that time. Women were tied in a leash, kept in the dark, and controlled by society. Life wasn’t easy for them. They were not allowed to express their opinionsRead MoreWomen During The Colonial Period914 Words   |  4 Pagesthe word â€Å"I† was a good start for my first week’s assignment. However, after several attempts, I realized it was my best way to begin to share my impressions of how colonial women lived before and after the reading assignment. I want to start by sharing that I was born overseas, therefore, they way I would probably see women in US History in the colonial period would probably be quite different from someone who was born in the United States. How do you think women in the colonial period livedRead MoreFarringtons Character Analysis from Joyces Counterparts1039 Words   |  5 Pagesto say a â€Å"Hail Mary† for his sinful father, seems to clinch the response. However, it is extremely important to remember that Farrington is sinned against as well as sinning: that he is a product as well as a perpetrator of the paralysis of Dublin. Like other Dubliners, Farrington is trapped by the Irish nets of religion, language, and nationality. In fact, Ireland’s misgovernance by English law is illustrated by the story of Farrington’s mistreatment, so that Farrington’s inarticulate rage againstRead MoreAfrican Women During European Expansion1295 Words   |  6 Pages1890s to the 1960s. African comebacks to colonial rule varied from place to place and over time. Several methods of both violent and nonviolent resistance to colonialism emerged. Nonviolent forms of anti-colonialism included the use of the trade unions, press, religious organizations, associations, literary or art forms, and mass migrations. Various African states used one or several of these nonviolent forms of anti-colonialism at one time or another, but what is significant is that most of them resortedRead MoreColonial Americas without the Indians1566 Words   |  7 Pagesfootnotes to the main course of American history†, according to Axtell. (Axtell, James.981) One may believe this because of what textbooks say. When mentioning Indians, History textbooks often infer the Indians do â€Å"nothing, resist†¦ [or make] obstacles to the white settlement [and or] victims of oppression†. The truth is the Indians play a huge part in American history regardless to what most textbooks say. The numbers of scholars that believe the Indians were a crucial piece to American history in increasing

Magna Carta of Student - 6250 Words

R e publicof the Philippines House of Representatives Quezon City F OURTEENTH CONGRESS Second RegularSession H OUSEBILL NO (ln substitution HouseBill Nos.332,2520 of and 2584) Introducedby Reps. Edcel G. Lagman,Rufus B. Rodriguezand Ana TheresiaHontiverosBaraquel AN ACT PROVIDING A MAGNA FOR CARTA STUDENTS OF Be it enactedby the Senafeand House of Representatives the Philippines Congress of rn assemb/ed I 2 3 Section1. ThisActshall known theMagna be as Carta Students. of Sec. 2. Declarationof Policy. - The State: ( a ) Declares commitment protect its to and promote rightsand welfare Filipino the of students in .+ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 (b) (c) (d) 12 1a IJ 1:+ 15 l6 (e) t7 18 l9 (f) 20 21 22 LJ /,+ .\^†¦show more content†¦(g) With their democratic rightsguaranteed, studentscan serve as a potentand cogent force in the country nationalist socialtransformation. SEC.4. Definitionof Terms.- As used in thisAct, the following termsshallmean: (a) Student- any person enrolledin school in the secondary, post secondary, tertiary, graduate and postgraduateincluding those enrolled in vocational and technical education. (b) School- any private,public or government-run and funded academiceducational institution offering any or all coursesin the above-mentioned levels. (c) SchoolCampus- the totalityof all contiguous proximatebuildings, groundsand or other facilities designated the schoolauthorities areas or facilities the use of by for as theirstudents. (d) Governing Board- the highestpolicymakingbody of the schoolsuch as: Board of Directors, Trusteesor Regents. - the (e) Student population Council/Government body representing wholestudent the in one schoolor schoolcampuswhoseoffice rs annually are electedat largeby the pursuant its constitution by-laws, any. wholestudentpopulation to and if (f) Council Leaders the bodycomposed the headsof variousstudent of of organizations chairedby the President/Chairmanthe Student of Council. (g) Tuition Fee- The fee representing directcostsof instructions, training and other other school fees refersto relatedactivities,Show MoreRelatedThe Medieval Period Of The Middle Ages1183 Words   |  5 Pageshave more of a balance power between church and royalty the Magna Carta was established. However, King John was the heir at the time and the Magna Carta was moreover limiting the power of the king. King John forced by his rebellious barons to sign the Magna Carta because he abused his power demanding heavy taxes to fund his unsuccessful wars in France. In this cause if I were King John I would been displeased with many provisions in Magna Carta. Such as Clause 13† And the city of London is to have allRead MoreThe Rise Of Th e Middle Ages1569 Words   |  7 Pageswouldn’t have affected me as a secular ruler. The Magna Carta was asserted in 1215 by King John and established that everyone including the King was subject to the law. The Magna Carta identifies a â€Å"free man† as one who is deserving of civil rights. â€Å"No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions† and â€Å"To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right to justice.† â€Å"Free man† according to the Magna Carta is one who is entitled to their full civil rightsRead MoreImportance Of Freedom Of Speech1455 Words   |  6 Pages(Allsop The Difficult History of Free Speech). It wasn’t until 1215 AD when the first basic human rights were established in the Magna Carta. While the Magna Carta didn’t explicitly give the rights of free speech to everyone, it was the first major stepping stone in providing a path of universal civil liberties. The founding fathers of the United States used the Magna Carta as an example to construct the princip als in which they would base their Bill of Rights. In 1791 the first Amendment was introducedRead MoreWhat is Due Process?1022 Words   |  4 Pagesto ensure justice for all free and naturalized citizens Due process protection has its roots in the Magna Carta, which we learn in Unit 1: The Magna Carta and the Constitution It was when King John promised that no free man shall be taken or imprisoned or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. The Magna Carta’s part in ensuring basic rights and freedoms for the English. As many of the founders were trainedRead MoreWhen thinking of The United States only two thoughts come to mind freedom and citizenship. The1900 Words   |  8 Pagespreferring one religion over another. It enforces the separation of church and state. Some governmental activity related to religion has been declared constitutional by the Supreme Court. For example, providing bus transportation for parochial school students and the enforcement of blue laws is not prohibited. The free exercise clause prohibits the government, in most instances, from interfering with a person s practice of their religion. The most basic component of freedom of expression is the rightRead MoreThe Federalist Papers and the Birth of a Nation1276 Words   |  6 Pagesthought of in the form of the Bill of Rights, which accompanies and amends the Constitution to defend certain explicit rights of the people the document neglected to specify. As many of the elite men of the time had done, the Founding Fathers were students of the Enlightenment and the period of personal liberties that had grown out of these idealists. The inherent rights of man brought about by men like Locke were that of â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness†. The Federalists addressed theseRead MorePierre Bourdieu s Influence On The Field Of Sociology Essay2517 Words   |  11 Pagesbehaviour of people within a society (Costa Murphy, 2015), Bourdieu believed that habitus was normalised in to people through what he called fields. One could say that as a joint honours student, university is a field that has set rules, st andards and acceptable behaviours, one could go further and say that as a student of behavioural studies and sociology, each of the courses are also separate fields, which whilst they share common rules and behaviours they also have areas where they differ, for exampleRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1479 Words   |  6 Pagesprotect the individual people, and the other aims to empower government to protect the people. Civil Liberties are the basic, guaranteed rights citizens have that protect them from government actions. Their conception can be traced back to the Magna Carta, the English legal charter that set a simple slate that everybody is subject to the law.[4] These personal rights are guaranteed to citizens by the Constitution and cannot be abridged by the government without due process. Stated by law, the governmentRead MoreIssues and Problems in the Philippine Educational System: A Challenge Towards the Attainment of Quality Education1986 Words   |  8 Pagesreadings and researches, questions were arising in my mind as to what solutions are applicable in addressing the problems about the quality of education, affordability, budget, mismatch, integration of sex education in the curriculum, R.A. 9710 (Magna Carta for Women) and other concerns which are somehow related to it. I will always stand for what I believe in according to my observations that we have good guidelines and policies on education but what is lacking is the ability to implement such inRead MoreA Christian Nation Through The Eyes Of A Son Of Indian Immigrants991 Words   |  4 Pagesuniquely human gift from God, and people should educate themselves to the gift. The monasteries took it upon themselves to teach the people. The monks taught using two different methods, lecture and debate. To earn a certificate from the monastery, the student was required to defeat the professor in a one on one debate, showing they had mastered the material. An integral part of assuring victory was to learn philosophy. Clement of Alexandria said, in On Philosophy, â€Å"†¦philosophy was given to the Greeks

Managing Financial Resources and Decision Planning in France

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Managing Financial Resources and Decision? Answer: Identification of different sources of finance available to Green Supplies Ltd: Green Supplies Limited Company is a small private firm, engaged in the online business and supplies fitness products, especially ranges of sport goods and equipments. The Celtic Group is very much interested to invest into the expansion process of Green Supplies Limited. The company has already researched that all internet related businesses would be profitable in the near future. However, Green supplies should also explore other funding options and choose the best suitable one for this. The fund can be raised through the combination of internal and external sources of finance. The company could consider the internal source of finance like the balance of retained earnings because they are liquid. Retained earnings are the section of net income that Greens supplies has reserved so far and not paid out (Fraser, Bhaumik and Wright 2015). Another internal source of finance is the current assets of the company. Current assets are incorporating cash or anything, which can easily be convert ed into the liquid cash. If this internet business provider, for example, has stock holdings in other companies, that may be used as a source of finance and utilized it in the expansion process (Vuong 2014). However, if the company is not looking for quick business expansion, they can use their fixed assets as a source of finance as well. In addition, the personal savings are the backbone of many small businesses like Green Supplies Limited. If the company does not have the assets to invest, personal finance still can contribute to the business. Therefore, the company has few internal sources of finance: Owners investment (additional or start-up capital), retained profits, sale of stock, sale of fixed assets and debt collection (Lee, Sameen and Cowling 2015). Apart from these internal sources, there are many external sources of finance of Green Supplies. The money can be borrowed from bank at an agreed rate of interest over the specified time (Covas and Den Haan 2012). However, this can be expensive due to interest payments. For this concern, they can consider additional partners dealing for their new business expansion. The additional contribution by the new partner would be suitable for the small businesses. Here the company can consider the appropriateness of the new deal with the Celtic Group. Furthermore, leasing is another option for external source for finance (Corsatea, Giaccaria and Arntegui 2014). Leasing is like a renting an asset. Green Supplies can have the use of up to date equipments instantly. Other options like hire purchase or mortgage, which is a loan, secured on property can also be considered for long-term source of finance. Assessment the implications and consequences of different sources of finance: The portion of liquid amount, which comes from the owners own saving, is the most risk free internal source of finance. Retained profit is only possible when earnings made are ploughed back into the business. The legal consequence is less in case of retained earnings because there is no interest payable. In addition, the sale of fixed assets is a good suggestion to raise finance. Here, those assets are only considered which is no longer needed for an entity. Nevertheless, it is a slow method of raising finance. On the other hand, bank loan, the external source, can be costly due to high rate of interest. Sometimes bank may call for security on the loan. Bank overdraft may be considered as a funding option of the business of Green supplies is authorized to be withdrawn on its account. It indicates that they can still have the legal authority to write cheques, even if they do not have enough money in the account. However, this will be treated as short-term source of finance. If it used in short-term basis, then it would be cheaper than a bank loan. In addition, the dealing with additional company like The Celtic Group may dilute the control of the partnership because in that case, the profits will be split more ways. Moreover, the share issue option would also be considered for financing because this is suitable for a limited company where profits will be shared out as dividends to more shareholders. After taking this option, the company could face the changes of ownership. At the current situation, hire purchase and leasing option would not be suitable for Green supplies because both options are expensive. Generally, the assets of the company would belong to the finance company after leasing. Furthermore, this small company may face difficulties in case of making repayments. In case of funding through mortgage, the risk of repayment cannot be ignored. If company does not repay the amount, the property of Green supplies may be repossessed. In case of internal source of finance, Green Supplies limited should consider the owners investment or personal savings. This type of source of finance does not have to be repaid and thus, interest is not payable. However, Green Supplies owner can invest his fund, which is a limited source of finance. The amount of debt collection can also be used in this business expansion plan (Covas, F. and Den Haan 2012). The additional cost is not required in investing such finance. It is a part of the trading businesss natural operations. However, there is a risk that debts owned could go bad which cannot be repaid later. In case of external sources, issuing share would be the appropriate option for raising fund. A business does not bother about repayment but profits will be paid out as dividend to their shareholders (Fraser, Bhaumik and Wright 2015). It means Green supplies will earn after the amount received by the shareholders. However, issuing shares is the most appropriate source for long- term finance apart from the chosen internal sources. The chosen share issue option is the most suitable for raising finance for the concerned business expansion process. Green Supplies should not invest must for this. There is no interest is payable. Involvement of issuing more shares will be taken in the liability side of the balance sheet under the share capital. The share capital will be increased at the fiscal years end. The amount of loss or profit of sale of assets would be shown in the profit and loss statement whereas the interest should be recorded as expense in the income statement of Green Supplies Limited. Financial planning is required to take decisions regarding how much money to spend, on what to use according to the funds at Green Supplies disposal, in advance. A typical financial planning includes: i) Determination of sources of funds ii) It is required to identify the suitable policies for appropriate utilization and administration of funds (Lusardi and Mitchell 2013) iii) Ascertain the amount of finance required by the organisation for doing operation seamlessly (Arrondel, Debbich and Savignac 2013). Figure1: Importance of financial planning (Source: Board 2015) The financial planning process starts with determination of total capital requirement of Green Supplies by financial managers. Here the consultation of financial advisor is required. An effective financial planning incorporates the sales forecast of the business and other guidelines of the future period like to enhance its production capacity which indicates more long term funds into their financial plan (Gaskill, Van Auken and Kim 2015). Add to in sales and higher level of production will require higher working and fixed capital of Green Supplies. All these aspects need to take care by an effective financial planning process and ensure the success of the business in the long run. Therefore, financial planning helps to identify long-term and short-term financial goals and establish a fair plan to achieve those business objectives. Here are few significant reasons which will directly influence Green Supplies Limited to get its success. Income: It is impossible to manage income effectively without a proper planning (McKinney 2015). Managing it resourcefully helps the organisation to recognize how much money will require for tax payments, savings and other monthly expenditure. Cash flow: Improved cash flow position can be possible by carefully evaluating the spending patterns and expenses. Prudent spending, tax planning and cautious budgeting will help to keep a stable financial condition. Capital: By the indication of increased cash flows, financial advisor of Green supplies take a suitable decision regarding how to increase its capital. Financial security: Providing a security financially is essential part of the financial planning process (Gaskill, Van Auken and Kim 2015). Having the suitable coverage by insurance and guarding business operational activities of Green Supplies with the help of appropriate policies is an important step of the financial planning process. Cost control: With the help of financial planning, Green Supplies limited can take action from improving control of the entitys expenses. Assets: The real value of the assets needs to be determined with the help of effective financial planning process. The knowledge of allowing or not taking into the liabilities comes with the considerate approach through the finance. Financial planning will help to assemble assets that dont become a trouble in the future. Investment: An accurate financial plan considers the consequences of the business, understands the spending patterns and helps to identify the risk tolerance of any business (Elsas, Flannery and Garfinkel 2014). For future unforeseen events, the provision for some investments needs to be incorporate in the financial planning process which provides any business a high liquidity. Therefore, it is important to assess the financial planning effectively and ensure the success of Green Supplies Ltd maintaining all the above mentioned aspects of the financial planning. c) Equity finance or capital investment appears in the balance sheet as a component of net worth or owners equity (LeblebicioÄÅ ¸lu and Madariaga 2015). The portion of equity finance will be added up as an additional paid up capital. With this, the value of the business will increase so as the balance sheet figure of the organisation for a specified period. On the other hand, securing loans indicates that Green supplies are acquiring additional resources economically through incurring the obligations to creditors. It means that there is an increase in assets with consequent increase to the obligations of the business to others. CASH BUDGET for four months ending Sep 2015 Particulars June July August September Receipt: Beginning Cash balance 75000 -295000 -275000 -240000 cash sales 60000 70000 75000 85000 Debtors 550000 630000 770000 Tatal (A) 135000 325000 430000 615000 Payments: cash purchase 310000 450000 500000 520000 Creditors 55000 65000 60000 prepaid rent 30000 30000 Other expenses 75000 80000 90000 95000 repayment of loan 15000 15000 15000 15000 Tatal (B) 430000 600000 670000 720000 Closing balance (A-B) -295000 -275000 -240000 -105000 (Refer to excel) (Source: created by author) i) Selling price estimation 30% mark of cost = 325 pounds Therefore, Profit per unit(Sales-variable costs-fixed costs)= 325-250 pounds Profit per unit= 75 pounds For 550 units, the profit would be 75550= 41250 pounds ii) After 550 units, the fixed cost would be fully recovered. Therefore, selling price would be calculated only on variable cost selling price= 187.5 pounds per unit Profit=187.5-150= 37.5 per units Profit on additional 1500 units sold would be = 150037.5 pounds 56250 pounds (Refer to excel) (Source: Created by author) NPV calculation Particulars Project A Project B Project C Cash flow year 1 31815 45450 36360 year 2 37170 41300 41300 year 3 41305 37550 41305 year 4 44395 34150 44395 Total cash flow 154685 158450 163360 less: initial investment 130000 150000 190000 NPV 24685 8450 -26640 Payback period calculation Particulars Project A Project B Project C payback period (Initial investment/cash inflow) 0.840418 0.946671 1.163075 (Refer to excel) (Source: created by author) As per the calculation, project A would be recommended because project A has the highest positive NPV and it also has the minimum payback period to recover its cost of such investment. The main financial statements produced by a business are the balance sheet, cash flow statement, income statement and the statement of changes in shareholders equity (Healy and Palepu 2012). Financial statement represents the financial health of the business. Here the statement of financial position is displayed by the companys balance sheet. It is comprised with the total assets, liabilities and the balance of equity. The assets on the balance sheet are classified into current and fixed assets. With the figure of the shareholders equity in the liability side of the balance sheet represents the value of the business in a fixed period. The basic components of an income statement are expenses, profits and revenues. It this statement indicates that the business expenses exceed the revenues, and then it should be understood that the company incur losses during a specified period (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2013). On the other hand, the cash inflows and outflows of the business are recorded in the statement of cash flows where all the business activities are categorized into three parts. It included the operating activities, the financial activities and the investing activities. Therefore, the all items that affect the cash balance are listed in this statement. Lastly, the changes in owners equity or partners equity are recorded in the statement of owners equity for a particular period of time. The various patterns of financial statements (Income statement and balance sheet) are maintained for different types of business such as sole proprietorship, limited company and so on (Iacoviello 2015). Each business will have distinct economic sectors so different financial statements have been used to satisfy the unique format of those sectors. In the sole proprietorship business, the simple financial statement is followed because the report is just allocating for the owner of the company (Brooks and Mukherjee 2013). It may not require maintaining the income statement and the balance sheet because balance sheet show only one capital account which belongs to the individual owner. Here, the profit and loss account is sufficient for sole traders compared to the public limited liability company which will have to prepare following the principle of IFRS and GAAP (Srivastava and Mock 2013). It is required to maintain such standards while preparing such accounting statements of the compan y; otherwise it will not be possible to compare with other organisations (Bentley, Omer and Sharp 2013). For limited company, the liabilities, non-current and current assets, profits, sales, cost relating to income tax payable amount and the per share capital must be incorporated in their financial statements. Ratio calculation: Whole sale business Retail business Financial Ratios i) Gross profit margin(gross profit/sales) 27.27272727 26.66666667 ii) Net profit margin(Net profit/sales) 15.45454545 16.66666667 iii) Current ratio(current assets/current liabilities) 1.619354839 1.718644068 iv) Quick ratio(current assets- inventory/ current liabilities) 0.703225806 0.915254237 v) Gearing ratio(Total liabilities/ Total shareholder's equity or capital employed) 73.14814815 70.58823529 (Refer to excel) (Source: Created by Author) According to the general perspective, the wholesale business is generating more revenue compare to the retail business. The sales volume is much higher than the retail business and the gross profit margin also better than the other one. However, the financial ratios of both the businesses are shown different picture. The retail business is having a better liquidity position because both the current assets ratio and the quick ratio are better than the wholesale business. It means that the short term liabilities can easily be mitigated with the use of liquid assets of the retail business. In addition, a high gearing ratio means a great deal of leverage where the business is using debt to pay for its regular business operation (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). In other words, a higher gearing ratio considered the fact that the business is risky. The retail business is less risky than the whole sale business. Therefore, more investors will be interested to invest into the retail business rathe r than the wholesale business. In this way, it has been found that the retail business is better option for investment compare the wholesale business. References: Arrondel, L., Debbich, M. and Savignac, F., 2013. Financial literacy and financial planning in France. Numeracy, 6(2), p.8. Bentley, K.A., Omer, T.C. and Sharp, N.Y., 2013. Business strategy, financial reporting irregularities, and audit effort. Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(2), pp.780-817. Board, C.F.P., 2015. CFP Board Financial Planning Competency Handbook. John Wiley Sons. Brigham, E. and Ehrhardt, M., 2013. Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Brooks, R. and Mukherjee, A.K., 2013. Financial management: core concepts. Pearson. Corsatea, T.D., Giaccaria, S. and Arntegui, R.L., 2014. The role of sources of finance on the development of wind technology. Renewable Energy, 66, pp.140-149. Covas, F. and Den Haan, W.J., 2012. The Role of Debt and Equity Finance Over the Business Cycle*. The Economic Journal, 122(565), pp.1262-1286. Elsas, R., Flannery, M.J. and Garfinkel, J.A., 2014. Financing major investments: information about capital structure decisions. Review of Finance, 18(4), pp.1341-1386. Fraser, S., Bhaumik, S.K. and Wright, M., 2015. What do we know about entrepreneurial finance and its relationship with growth?. International Small Business Journal, 33(1), pp.70-88. Gaskill, L.R., Van Auken, H.E. and Kim, H.S., 2015. Impact of operational planning on small business retail performance. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 5(1), pp.21-36. Healy, P. and Palepu, K., 2012. Business Analysis Valuation: Using Financial Statements. Cengage Learning. Iacoviello, M., 2015. Financial business cycles. Review of Economic Dynamics, 18(1), pp.140-163. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015. Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. LeblebicioÄÅ ¸lu, A. and Madariaga, J., 2015. Financial Flows, Composition of Capital, and Growth. IMF Economic Review, 63(2), pp.325-352. Lee, N., Sameen, H. and Cowling, M., 2015. Access to finance for innovative SMEs since the financial crisis. Research policy, 44(2), pp.370-380. Lusardi, A. and Mitchell, O.S., 2013. The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence (No. w18952). National Bureau of Economic Research. McKinney, J.B., 2015. Effective financial management in public and nonprofit agencies. ABC-CLIO. Srivastava, R.P. and Mock, T.J. eds., 2013. Belief functions in business decisions (Vol. 88). Physica. Vuong, Q.H., 2014. Operational scales, sources of finance, and firms performance: evidence from Vietnamese longitudinal data.

Malthus` Population Essays - Demographic Economics,

Malthus` Population There is a major conflict today that people struggle with. This conflict is population. Malthus says, that the population when unchecked goes on doubling itself every twenty-five years (1993: 196). The question, Are there too many people in the world, is often asked after hearing Malthus fact in hopes to get a real, straight forward answer. This question sometimes strikes fear in the people or person, which must answer it. Since this is such a controversial issue this question can be determined by two possible answers: yes and no. There are many reasons why yes could answer this question of over population. An obvious clue to deciding whether or not there are too many people is the lack of nutritious food in some countries. This lack of food is caused b two possible factors. First, the people in other wealthier places inhabiting the earth are taking up much of the more nutritious foods. Secondly, people and the growing industries inhabit the land needed for growing food. Here locally in the United States the congested traffic is a population problem. Too many people cause too much traffic. From this traffic lies another potential answers to the over populated areas, pollution. This pollution factor plays an important role in deciding this age-old question of over population. The amount of population on the earth is a direct correlation towards the idea of too many people. Pollution will increase if the amounts of people increase. Another clue for over population would be technology. People from all around the world have been pulled towards higher technological areas so that their families and themselves may eventually prosper. The population increase due to technology seems to run its course through the population like how a snowball greatens in size. Like a snowball, technology works in this way: once a person creates something new someone else takes that idea and tries to make it bigger and better. Likewise people will live where technology continues to improve upon itself. For instance the oil Edwin Drake drilled. This oil which he found made it easier to run tractors, which now makes it cheaper to produce food (Hardin: 1993, 194). This new and improved technology has kept the population size up also because people are now living longer. Keeping people well and alive has made the population grow on account of technology. Technology not only increases the population but also aids in the depression of higher populated areas. One change the technological increase has made in the depression of over populated areas is the amount of children a family must have to survive. These families in the past had many children so that they could be used as employees. For instance, if a family lost one child the family had other children to take the place of the lost employee. Where technology comes into play is that this new technological advancement has lessened the amount of children a family should have to survive. Hence, more technology means less employees a family must need. This decrease in family members has made more room for jobs. Today there are more jobs than there are people to fulfill them. This proves that there are jobs available if people need them but some people are not willing to find or take these jobs. Therefore there is plenty of room for the worlds populations to not only survive but also to prosper. There has also been another concern for the world, the depletion of natural resources. But, beca use there are not too many people in the world the supply of natural resources, which are used by every person all over the world every single day, the depletion of natural resources has not been completely used. Here again locally in the United States most of the living conditions are not bad. Many people in the United States have a stable home. The percentage of homeless people is a mere .2% in the United States (Enth and National Alliance to End Homelessness). Not all of the homes are extravagant, but all the homes provide shelter. The land that these homes and industries are built on is abundant. Even though some of the land now is not able to inhabit